Borrelia burgdorferi Archives - Bay Area Lyme Foundation

Science Translational Medicine Study Funded by the Bay Area Lyme Foundation Identifies FDA-approved Piperacillin as More Effective, Targeted Treatment for Lyme Disease

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Science Translational Medicine Study Funded by the Bay Area Lyme Foundation Identifies FDA-approved Piperacillin as More Effective, Targeted Treatment for Lyme Disease

An additional Science Translational Medicine study also funded by Bay Area Lyme Foundation uncovers how lingering bacterial cell wall molecules may contribute to chronic Lyme symptoms

PORTOLA VALLEY, Calif. April 23, 2025 – Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading sponsor of Lyme disease research in the US, announces two pre-clinical studies published in the peer-reviewed journal Science Translational Medicine. The studies demonstrate promising implications for improved Lyme disease treatment and understanding of chronic Lyme through peptidoglycan, a molecule found in the cell wall of the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), which causes Lyme disease. The first study finds piperacillin, an FDA-approved treatment for pneumonia that inhibits peptidoglycan production, may be a more effective treatment for Lyme disease than the current “gold standard” treatment, doxycycline, which is not effective for up to 20% of patients. The second study uncovers how lingering peptidoglycan builds up in the joint fluid and liver, contributing to chronic Lyme symptoms, which affect over 20% of patients treated for Lyme disease.

“Piperacillin may be a game-changer for improving Lyme disease treatment, which is currently a challenge for researchers and physicians. Furthermore, our new mechanistic understanding of how piperacillin affects peptidoglycan synthesis is unexpectedly informing our development of a biomarker-based approach to diagnose acute Lyme disease,” said Brandon Jutras, PhD, associate professor of Microbiology-Immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and a Bay Area Lyme Foundation 2021 Emerging Leader Award winner. “Our second study explores the role of peptidoglycan in chronic Lyme symptoms; peptidoglycan influences an inflammatory and chronic illness response for weeks or even months after infection, adding to the growing evidence that remnants of bacteria and viruses can stick around and keep affecting the body, similar to the occurrence of Long COVID in some patients.”

Connection and Collaboration Bringing Hope: Understanding the Immune System’s Role in Post-Treatment Lyme Disease

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

Bay Area Lyme Spotlights Series

“Philanthropy is mission-critical to advance the field of Lyme disease research.”

– Bill Robinson, MD, PhD

In this conversation, we talk with Bill Robinson, MD, PhD, the James W. Raitt professor of medicine and division chief, division of immunology and rheumatology at Stanford University, about how his work is helping us understand the immune system’s response to a Lyme infection. A long-term collaborator and grant recipient of Bay Area Lyme Foundation, Dr. Robinson reflects on his history with our organization, the plight of Lyme patients, the paucity of government funding for investigations into the disease, where Lyme disease research is now, and where he thinks it’s headed in the next 5-10 years.

Pathogens and Persistence: The Chronic Disease Drivers

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

BAL “Quick Bites” Series

“I’ve always said that the FDA has been captured by the pharmaceutical industry. They don’t have our best interests at heart. You shouldn’t be funded by the people you’re supposed to be regulating.”

– Steven Phillips, MD

Ticktective host, Dana Parish, talks with her longtime collaborator and co-author of Chronic, Dr. Steven Phillips, a Yale-trained internal medicine doctor who specializes in treating patients with complex, chronic illnesses, often driven by underlying infections like Lyme, Bartonella, Babesia, and now, COVID. In this podcast episode, Phillips discusses the importance of getting to the root cause of mystery autoimmune illnesses, rather than just suppressing symptoms. He states that many chronic infections can drive autoimmune conditions, including Lyme disease, and that Lyme tests are often inaccurate, with a sensitivity of around 50%. Phillips discusses how he recommends treating suspected tick bites to prevent the development of chronic Lyme disease and his use of a multi-antibiotic approach and pulsed antibiotic therapy to target persistent infections. He also discusses his experiences treating COVID-19, using a multi-modal approach including doxycycline, Paxlovid, Metformin, and other drugs and supplements, and the reactivation of infections like Bartonella in Long COVID patients. They also discuss how the chemical and pharmaceutical industries’ interests do not necessarily align with patients trying to get well. The interview highlights Dr. Phillips’s expertise in treating complex chronic infections and his holistic, evidence-based approach to patient care.

UCSF’s New Lyme Clinical Trials Center: Addressing the Need for Evidence-Based Treatments for Lyme & TBD Patients

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

Bay Area Lyme Happenings Series

UCSF has joined the Cohen Foundation’s nationwide Lyme Clinical Trials Network (CTN) for Lyme and tick-borne diseases. The new Lyme Clinical Trials Center (CTC) at UCSF was funded by a $1m grant from Bay Area Lyme Foundation and is led by Charles Chiu, MD, PhD, and Felicia Chow, MD, as co-principal investigators. As the West Coast ‘node’ in the network, UCSF’s new Lyme Clinical Trials Center will focus on interventional trials and diagnostic studies to improve diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease.

In this presentation to patients with Lyme disease in Marin County just north of San Francisco, Dr. Chow explains how the CTC allows for a more diverse patient population to participate in Lyme clinical trials, which is critical for developing therapies that can help a wider range of patients. UCSF’s involvement also aims to help Bay Area Lyme raise awareness that Lyme disease is prevalent year-round in almost all California counties.

Dr. Chow discusses an upcoming trial at UCSF that will evaluate the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve cognitive symptoms in patients with chronic Lyme disease. Additionally, UCSF researchers are exploring the use of metagenomic sequencing and machine learning to develop more accurate diagnostic tests for Lyme and other tick-borne infections.

Note: This transcript of Dr. Chow’s presentation has been edited for length and clarity.

“I hope that through these clinical trials, we’ll be able to identify therapies that are helpful to patients and that, as a result, have an impact on clinically meaningful outcomes—from day-to-day function, quality of life, and all of those important measures that indicate that a treatment is successful.”

– Felicia Chow, MD

Bay Area Lyme Foundation Opens Applications for 2025 Emerging Leader Award and Research Grant

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Bay Area Lyme Foundation Opens Applications for 2025 Emerging Leader Award and Research Grant

In its tenth year, the annual grant encourages novel approaches to revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne diseases

PORTOLA VALLEY, Calif., October 31, 2024 – Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading sponsor of Lyme disease research in the U.S., invites innovative researchers from academia and the private sector to apply for the 2025 Emerging Leader Awards (ELA). These awards recognize those advancing novel approaches in Lyme disease diagnostics and treatments, while embodying the future of Lyme disease research leadership. This year, in its tenth anniversary, Bay Area Lyme Foundation’s ELA will present two $150,000 awards for researchers who are at the post-doctoral level through associate professor level or equivalent.

While applicants must have a defined scientific approach to advancing diagnostics and/or therapeutics for Lyme disease, the grants are open to researchers from other therapeutic areas in addition to those who have previously investigated Lyme disease. Applications will be accepted through March 7, 2025 at 11:59pm, Pacific Time. The full criteria and application for this award can be found at www.bayarealyme.org/our-research/emerging-leader-award/.

“The global impact of both acute and chronic infections has never been more apparent, and tackling an infectious disease as complex as Lyme requires innovative approaches and concerted efforts to drive progress in diagnostics and treatment,” said Wendy Adams, research grant director Bay Area Lyme Foundation. “Our goal with the Emerging Leader Award is to inspire ambitious and creative scientists to take on the challenge of advancing accurate diagnostics and effective therapeutics for various stages of tick-borne diseases.”

Understanding Infection-associated Chronic Illness: How the Immune System Responds to Persistent Infection

Distinguished Speaker Series with Michal Tal, PhD

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

Distinguished Speaker Series Transcript

“I want to leave you with hope. I think we’re going to be unstoppable because I think that these are solvable problems. These are answerable questions. I think that there are already a lot of existing tools in immunology that just need to be brought into the fight, and we can change this.”

– Michal Caspi Tal, PhD

Michal Caspi Tal: In the chronic illness world, I think that there is something about hope with a capital ‘H’ that is precious. I think it always has to be. I want to talk a little bit about what my lab is doing, where I think we could go in the future and the hope that I have for how we move forward, how we solve this, and how we change this for those who come after us. So, I’ll tell you a little bit about some of the recent things that have come out of the lab, what the lab is working on now, and where we want to go.

New Study Shows How Borrelia burgdorferi Evades the Immune System

Recently, we published a study in collaboration with Hanna Ollila’s lab where we compared people who’ve had Lyme and have had a diagnosis of Lyme versus people who’ve never had a diagnosis of Lyme. We found a genetic difference in a sweat protein that nobody—including me—had ever thought about before. We tested it against the bacteria in our lab, and we saw that it had a huge effect; we tested it in mice, and it had a huge effect. So that’s really exciting. We had another paper that came online yesterday that is one of these last papers from my postdoctoral work over at Stanford, where we actually managed to figure out some of how Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme, manages to evade immune clearance.

Any respectable pathogen that can establish a persistent infection needs to figure out your immune system to the point that it can evade it. The fact that it has persisted means that it was able to evade your immune clearance. And so, I got to that from a very interesting direction working on immune regulation, trying to understand these brakes on the immune response and how they impact the response to infection. The immune system has the power to kill you and obviously, nobody has any incentive for that to happen. So, there are a lot of mechanisms in place to put brakes on the immune system and reign it in. One of the huge developments in cancer over the last two decades has been reevaluating the question: can we take those brakes off? So in my postdoc, I was studying a particular checkpoint where this was turning into an exciting immuno-oncology target, and I said, ‘I want to look at how this checkpoint is used in infection.’ I realized that this checkpoint was being used to help you survive an acute infection, but created a vulnerability for pathogens to evade immune clearance and establish chronic infection much like it allows cancer cells to evade immune clearance. In an amazing collaboration with Irv Weissman, Balyn Zaro, and Jenifer Coburn we realized that the bacteria that cause Lyme disease manipulate this brake and that’s how I became fascinated with Lyme. But I also became concerned about turning off this brake in cancer patients because I was concerned about what would happen if you used this on cancer patients during an active infection. Indeed, the clinical trials on this drug were ended due to increased death from infection, and I wish it hadn’t been tested during a worldwide pandemic.

Bay Area Lyme Foundation Selects National Winner of the 2024 Emerging Leader Award for Research of Combination Therapies to Treat Chronic Lyme Disease

Trever Smith, PhD winner of Emerging Leader Award

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Bay Area Lyme Foundation Selects National Winner of the 2024 Emerging Leader Award for Research of Combination Therapies to Treat Chronic Lyme Disease

Winner Trever Smith, of Tufts University, will collect novel therapeutic data to develop a first-of-its-kind drug interaction compendium for Lyme Disease

PORTOLA VALLEY, Calif., August 1, 2024—Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading sponsor of Lyme disease research in the US, announces the recipient of the 2024 Emerging Leader Award (ELA), which is designed to support new and innovative research and aims to attract aspiring new scientific talent to the field of Lyme. This year’s winner, Trever Smith, PhD, Research Assistant Professor of Molecular Biology and Microbiology at Tufts University School of Medicine, will receive $150,000 for his work to identify precise treatment combinations that more effectively target persistent Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) infection in persistent Lyme patients. For this research, Dr. Smith intends to develop a first-of-its-kind drug interaction compendium to help prioritize the most effective combinations for testing in pre-clinical models of Lyme disease. To do so, Dr. Smith will leverage techniques he and other researchers use to identify effective drug combinations against other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, and translate them for Bb. Due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating Lyme disease, it is estimated that over two million patients currently suffer from the debilitating later-stage symptoms of persistent Lyme in the US, and there are currently no FDA-approved treatments for the persistent symptoms of Lyme disease.

“While combination therapies to treat chronic Lyme have shown promise in early research and are widely used with success in other disease areas, the vast majority of chronic Lyme patients are not able to benefit from combination therapies,” said Wendy Adams, research grant director, Bay Area Lyme Foundation. “Dr. Smith’s research aims to change this, as it builds on his previous research success in tuberculosis to bring the hope of combination therapies for Lyme to the forefront and seeks to give clinicians and researchers a better understanding of the advantages of combining current FDA-approved treatments in Lyme disease.”

Young Hearts, Hidden Battles: A pediatric infectious disease physician’s perspective on Lyme disease and neuropsychiatric manifestations

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

Distinguished Speaker Series Transcript

“Everything about this disease is infinitely more complex and nuanced than is taught to physicians.”

– Charlotte Mao, MD MPH

Charlotte Mao: Thank you Dana for that amazing introduction and Brandi too. I want to thank Brandi for so generously opening up your beautiful home for this event and Bay Area Lyme Foundation for inviting me to speak tonight about my personal perspectives as a pediatric infectious disease physician about Lyme disease in children, particularly neuropsychiatric manifestations.

When Brandi asked if I might give a talk for this Speaker Series, I suggested this topic because, first, I hope there might be something instructive in some of my personal musings on key lessons I’ve learned about Lyme disease in the course of caring for children with this contested disease. Second, I want to highlight neuropsychiatric manifestations because I feel they generally are the least recognized by physicians as being potential manifestations of Lyme disease. Yet, taking into account all levels of severity, they are, in my view, actually quite common—certainly not uncommon—and when severe, they are among the most devastating of Lyme manifestations to the lives of children and their families.

New Discovery Identifies “Don’t Eat Me” Protein that Allows Lyme Bacteria to Evade Body’s Immune Response

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

New Discovery Identifies “Don’t Eat Me” Protein that Allows Lyme Bacteria to Evade Body’s Immune Response

Stanford University/MIT/UCSF study funded by Bay Area Lyme Foundation offers new direction for tick-borne disease research, paving the way for potential new discoveries

Palo Alto, CA, May 7, 2024—Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading sponsor of Lyme disease research in the U.S., today announced a study finding a new mechanism of immune evasion used by Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. This study is the first to identify the specific Borrelia protein that acts as a “don’t eat me” signal to the body’s immune system in people with Lyme disease, offering insight into how the bacteria may persist in Lyme patients and introduces an entirely new research direction toward potential future treatments. The research was conducted at Stanford University and University of California San Francisco and funded in part by Bay Area Lyme Foundation. This groundbreaking data posted on bioRxiv on April 30, 2024, is expected to be published in a peer-review journal in the future.

“One of the big mysteries of Lyme disease has been how Borrelia is able to evade and survive the immune system – and this study helps answer that question. We’ve unlocked a critical door to understanding how this bacteria, and possibly other pathogens, manage to trick the immune system to evade clearance,” said lead author Michal Tal, PhD, principal scientist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Bay Area Lyme Foundation 2018 Emerging Leader Award winner who has received additional funding from the organization for this project.

In this study, researchers found that P66, a known Borrelia surface protein and one of the IgG Western Blot testing “bands” used for diagnosis, can inhibit an important portion of the immune response.

The Myth of the Bullseye: Why Recognizing the Spectrum of Lyme Disease Rashes is Critical for Diagnosis and Treatment

By Bay Area Lyme Foundation

BAL Spotlights Series

Anna Schotthoefer, PhD, a project scientist at Marshfield Clinic Research Institute in Wisconsin, discusses the collection and analysis of a specific subset of blood and urine samples for Lyme Disease Biobank—a Bay Area Lyme Foundation program—from patients diagnosed with tick-borne diseases in the state. Marshfield Clinic serves a large population in Wisconsin and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, which are highly endemic for Lyme disease. Her Bay Area Lyme-funded study of the Marshfield samples focused on visual documentation of rashes associated with Lyme disease and the challenges in accurately diagnosing the disease based on these rashes. The results highlight the difficulties in recognizing early Lyme: only two of 69 patients presented with the classic bullseye rash that doctors learn is the gold standard for diagnosing Lyme from textbooks. Schotthoefer discusses the variety of different rashes that can result from a tick bite, the characterization of the spectrum of rashes, the need for better Lyme diagnostics, and the ongoing efforts to develop new testing methods using the samples collected in LDB. She expresses optimism that in the next five to ten years, there will be significant advancements in Lyme disease detection, diagnosis, and therapeutics—largely thanks to patients who have contributed samples to LDB for ongoing research.

“The textbooks doctors read in medical school tell them, ‘Look for a bullseye rash; look for the target-like lesion,’ and it turns out that’s wrong. There is a need to continue educating clinicians and providers that Lyme rashes are a spectrum.”

– Anna Schotthoefer, PhD